SIM Card Security Features

Comprehensive overview of SIM card security features, authentication algorithms, and evolution across generations

Authentication Algorithms
  • COMP128: The original authentication algorithm used in early GSM networks
  • COMP128-2: Improved version addressing some vulnerabilities in the original algorithm
  • COMP128-3: Further enhanced algorithm with improved security features
  • COMP128-4 (MILENAGE): Modern algorithm used in 3G, 4G, and 5G networks
Known Vulnerabilities
  • Rainbow Table Attacks: Precomputed tables used to reverse cryptographic hash functions
  • SIM Cloning: Early SIM cards were vulnerable to cloning attacks
  • Side-Channel Attacks: Physical attacks that analyze power consumption or electromagnetic emissions
  • OTA Update Vulnerabilities: Weaknesses in Over-The-Air update mechanisms
Security Evolution
  • 2G (GSM): Basic security with COMP128 algorithm, vulnerable to various attacks
  • 3G (UMTS): Improved mutual authentication and stronger encryption
  • 4G (LTE): Enhanced key management and stronger cryptographic algorithms
  • 5G: Advanced security architecture with improved privacy protections
Future Security Measures
  • Quantum-Resistant Cryptography: Algorithms resistant to quantum computing attacks
  • Biometric Authentication: Integration with biometric verification
  • eSIM Enhancements: Advanced security for embedded SIMs
  • Zero-Trust Architecture: Continuous verification regardless of location